GRUB 2 bootloader - Full tutorial. Dedoimedo definite GRUB 2. Linux User & Developer Magazine! You really should take a closer look. Some information may change over time, as features are added or. For latest updates, please take a look at Updates section. If you are looking for. GRUB tutorial, please take a look at this article. You must have read my GRUB legacy guide. How to Remove Linux Boot Loader from Startup After Deleting Linux Partitions? SEARCH THIS PAGE (Ctrl+F) for instructions on how to add various payloads (each payload may occur more than once). Description ***. New - Update Reminders *** Grub2Win supports 64 and 32 bit EFI and BIOS on Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista and XP. Safely dual boot Windows and Linux. In the last two and a half. My goal is to provide people running any flavor of. UNIX- like operating systems or multi- booting their computers and using GRUB as their bootloader with a simple. After that, we will learn how to recover from errors and mistakes. Follow. me. GRUB 2 is still mostly beta software. Although it already ships with. Ubuntu flavors, it is not yet production quality per se. You can probably use it without any troubles, although. Furthermore, whenever handling delicate tasks like the critical functions of the. This. You must have a solid, proven backup procedure for all your data. This includes being able to. Just remember that. GRUB 2 is still beta. Although the same can be claimed for Google Mail, which was beta for some six years or. What's more, the contents and relevance of contents in this tutorial might yet. GRUB 2 makes into the production, so stay tuned for any. When will GRUB 2 become the de facto bootloader for. UNIX- like operating systems? Currently, GRUB legacy is doing fine and will continue for many more years. Given. the long- term support by companies like Red. Hat and Novell for their server distributions, GRUB legacy is going. Nevertheless, it does. Be aware that you may encounter some compatibility issues down the road. That makes this tutorial rather relevant, as about one in every two or three Linux home users. GRUB 2 and its uses. Let's now move on to the actual. Dedoimedo definite GRUB 2.00 multi-boot tutorial featured in the 117th issue of the Linux User & Developer Magazine! You really should take a closer look. This will. help you understand this article better. GRUB 2 introduces many new changes. GRUB 2 has better portability and. ASCII characters, dynamic loading of modules, real memory management, and more. All. these are pretty much irrelevant for most users. What you need to know are the changes in the configuration. GRUB 2 operates. GRUB 2 places its files in three core locations. This is the main configuration file that replaces. Unlike menu. lst, this file cannot be. I strongly advise against trying to tamper with this file, using chattr command or anything of. These scripts are. When the relevant GRUB command is executed, the scripts. It is the customization part of the GRUB, similar to the old. This is more similar to LILO than GRUB legacy, which allow editing the menu on the fly. Most people will probably not want to read its. This file is still worth a quick look any time you update the. GRUB menu, to make sure the correct entries are included as you expected. But only if you're comfortable with. We will talk more about. The name of this. GRUB 2. Well, this is somewhat similar to the order of Start/Kill. The numbering defines precedence. This means that. Like the grub. You need to very careful when working with these scripts. We will soon see what they look like and. The grub file is a text. You can make your changes here, if you want. We will talk about. Customization section. Let's see how we use them. When. the update- grub command is run, it reads the contents of the grub file and the grub. To change the grub. Scripts. are meant to be executed. This means that they have the execute bit turned on. If you turn the execute bit off. If you want to use them, you will activate the executable. Let's examine the scripts. For instance, 0. 0. Don't. worry, we will soon learn everything. If you want the new. The next step is to write the actual content. Here's a. sample. It's a shell script, as declared in the first line. If you. do not want to see the echo command printed, you can redirect it to standard error or /dev/null. Example: Linux. GRUB 2 uses PARTITION notation that starts with 1 and not 0 like GRUB. This is terribly important to remember! For example, this means that. NOT (hd. 0,0) as before! In Linux, you. may want to use something like. But in Windows, you would probably use. X,Y)+1. Therefore, a complete script example would look something like. But we need to make it executable. As we've seen just now, the cat command defines the start of the code in the script that. GRUB menu literally and NOT interpreted by the shell. In other words, anything that goes. EOF and EOF are GRUB commands. Some of these you may have seen before in GRUB. Not to worry, there's a full list, including a comparison to GRUB. Some of the commands have been replaced and others added. For more details, please check GRUB 2 command. We need to run the. I've added two. Kubuntu entries and one Ubuntu entry to the Ubuntu GRUB menu. I have done this in order to get rid of the. But let's move slowly. Our first task is to add the new scripts. After we ascertain that they. For instance, I changed the Kubuntu entries to 0. Ubuntu script. In order to make sure your new scripts boot. Here's an example of what I have. And accordingly, I've created the new script. OS Prober. OS Prober can also help you. It will find additional entries on your hard disks and add them to the menu. You. can use the added information to create your own scripts. Again, refer to the grub. Reinstall GRUB. GRUB 2 can be installed even while you are booted in the OS. You do not need a live environment for that. Just. execute the grub- install command against the device or the partition you desire. It is. important that you pay attention to the output produced by the command. If you have external disks connected at. There should be no big. You have the tools you need to start working. Still, to make things clearer, I've prepared a. Here we go. The scripts are. The scripts. are written as shell (sh). GRUB 2 can be reinstalled. OS. Good so far? You see, it's rather simple. Now, let's. see a few real- life cases. Afterwards, we will customize GRUB 2 and learn how to recover from serious errors. It just requires some patience and care. Both operating systems use GRUB 2, so they can easily. The two systems are Ubuntu 9. Kubuntu 9. 1. 0, both formatted with Ext. Kubuntu was installed second, again. MBR, overwriting the previous instance. However, the OS probe script found and added Ubuntu successfully. If. you've read my Kubuntu tutorial, you will notice that Kubuntu entries are also. Ubuntu, which can be confusing if you have several, different Ubuntu entries on your machine. In this. section, we will. Learn how to edit existing entries and make them more presentable. After. that, we will examine bootloading GRUB 2 ready systems from the legacy GRUB and vice versa. And then, we will. Windows, too. We have our default entries, which do not look well and want. So we refer to grub. Just like we did earlier. Very simple. Job done, very easy! Let's say you have two operating systems, like Ubuntu 9. GRUB 2 and boots from Ext. SUSE 1. 1. 2, which does use Ext. GRUB. You have two bootloader options and you need to choose the default one. Running GRUB 2 will place you in a minority. Pay. attention to these details when installing the distro! Since we want to use the GRUB legacy bootloader, then. Ubuntu bootloader needs to be installed to /dev/sda. After you install open. SUSE, you will notice that the. GRUB menu contains only open. SUSE entries. The reason is, GRUB legacy does not know how to handle. GRUB 2 layout directly and therefore cannot find and append entries to the menu. You will have to do this. Back it up first! We do not really know yet how. GRUB 2 entries from within GRUB legacy. So we will assume that it's the same thing like Windows. Will this work? I do not know, but let's try! We're using our GRUB experience and trying to adapt. For Windows, the. GRUB legacy that comes with open. SUSE does not. handle well the Ubuntu partitions + GRUB 2 mechanism. We will need a different method to get things done. For. more information, check GRUB. Go back to open. SUSE and open the menu. We need. to make it look like this. For those who cannot see what's in the image, we are adding the following entry to the menu. Ubuntu 9. 1. 0 Karmic Koalaroot (hd. You may be wondering what we did here. The answer is, core. After rebooting, you will have the GRUB 2. Select the desired entry and boot. It will now. pick up the installed open. SUSE as well and add it to the menu. You will then have a recursive GRUB menu that. This is not necessary, but can be fun and exercises the power of. When. installing Mandriva, you have the option to manually edit the GRUB bootloader menu even before the first boot. If you know what you need, you. Here's what editing the GRUB menu. Mandriva installation looks like. Basically, we have done the exact same thing we did with open. SUSE. For more details, please take a look at the. In general, it's the same as before. However, to spice things up. I have also added another element of interest here, that of the GRUB to GRUB 2 upgrade. Jaunty uses GRUB legacy, but it can be upgraded to GRUB 2, which. So, we will first go through the upgrade procedure, paying attention to important. Ubuntu and Windows installations boot fine. You will soon have to answer a few prompts. We have done this. For the sake of elegance, we won't skip. Most people won't need to make any change here. Use fdisk if you need to verify that everything is in order. Your GRUB menu should be changed now and include a Chainload entry for GRUB 2 at. Don't forget you're working with GRUB legacy still, so partitions are numbered. In the worst case, cycle through root (hd. X,Y) until you nail the right one. Change the root entry, hit. Enter, press b to boot. Howto. Forge has a great example, with. Eventually, you should see the GRUB 2 menu. As you can see, we have Ubuntu entries and we have Vista loader (Windows 7) entries. All seems well. Now, boot. Ubuntu and Windows 7 to make sure everything works properly. Once you're satisfied, boot into Ubuntu and. You can now write GRUB 2 into MBR and make it the default bootloader. But that's it. We have now learned both.
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